The definitive guide to Mac OS X’s Dashboard

OS X 10.4 Tiger has been around for a while now, as has Dashboard and Apple’s take on widgets. However, there’s still quite a few tricks that even seasoned widget users may not know…

Opening Dashboard

There’s a couple of ways Dashboard can be opened.

  • By pressing F12 (or whatever shortcut has been assigned to Dashboard in System Preferences).
  • By clicking on the Dashboard icon in the dock.
  • By double-clicking a widget’s icon in the finder.
  • By using the nipple button on the Mighty Mouse, or any other mouse shortcut set in System Preferences.
  • By using “Active Screen Corners” set in Dashboard & Expose’s System Preferences.

It’s worth noting that pressing F12 or using the Mighty Mouse’s nipple button works in “toggle” mode—click to open Dashboard, then click to close. However, both can be used to view Dashboard temporarily by holding down the key/button for longer than a second then letting go.

Installing widgets

Downloading and installing widgets is usually pretty easy.

  • Download the widget by clicking on the download link. It will be downloaded to your desktop, or the location you’ve chosen in your browser’s preferences.
  • Double click the .zip file to unarchive it (this may happen automatically for you, depending on your settings). Please note that some widgets will be disk image format (.dmg). The same principal applies though—just double click to open.
  • Double click the widget’s icon to install it in Dashboard.
  • The widget installer will ask if you wish to install the widget. Click “Install”.
  • Click keep to keep the widget. You can use the widget before you decide whether to keep it (the box around the widget is a “sandbox”, a protective environment that stops the widget from doing anything nasty). Clicking “Keep” keeps the widget, clicking delete removes the widget from Dashboard and moves it to the trash.

Deleting widgets

There’s two ways of deleting widgets. The first is via Apple’s widget manager. Simply open Dashboard, click on the (+) icon, then click “Manage Widgets”. The red “-” next to the name of each widget can be used to delete the widget.

The second method to delete a widget entails removing its file by hand from your home folder (username/Library/Widgets/). Just find the widget’s file and drag it into the trash.

Fitt’s Law, screen corners and edges

You don’t need to be very accurate when positioning the mouse pointer over the (+) symbol, just click anywhere in the bottom left hand corner of the screen. This also works for the Dashboard tray’s left and right arrows—simply click on the side of the screen in the Dashboard tray to scroll. It’s worth noting that with OS X 10.4, Apple also changed the way the Apple and Spotlight menus work too—they now have much larger click-regions, extending all the way to the screen corners.

Keyboard shortcuts

Some aspects of Dashboard can be a bit of a pain to navigate. These shortcuts will help:

  • Apple-”+” = Open or close the Dashboard tray.
  • Apple-left / Apple-right = Scroll the Dashboard tray left / right.
  • Hold option, then hover over a widget = Reveal the widget’s close button.
  • Click on a widget to select it, then Apple-r = Reload the widget.

Taking widget screenshots

Press apple-shift-4, press space, then click on the widget. A screen shot of the widget called “Picture 1″ (or “Picture 2″, “Picture 3″ etc) will appear on your desktop.

Slowing down animation

Holding shift while clicking the (+) button or pressing F12 slows down the animation so that the effects can be seen in all their glory. This works for some (but not all) of Dashboard’s animation, as well as other functions in OS X, like Expose and minimising windows.

Removing the Dashboad icon from the dock

Simply drag the Dashboard icon out of the dock (it’ll show a cloud puff icon to let you know it’s going to be removed). If you’d like to restore it, just find the Dashboard application in your Applications folder, and drag it back into the dock.

Running widgets without installing them

Double-click the widget to install it from the Finder. When the widget installer asks “Do you want to install the widget “widget name” and open it in Dashboard?”, simply hold down the Apple and option keys and “Install” will change to “Run”. Click “Run” and the widget will be run from its current location rather than being moved to /Library/Widgets/. Brilliant!

Fixing issues with broken widgets

If you’re having problems with a widget and would like to restore it to its state when it was first installed, then deleting its preferences might be the way to go. Please note that doing this will probably remove all custom settings.
To restore a widget to its default settings, please do the following:

  • Open Dashboard (this can be done several ways, like pressing F12).
  • Close the widget.
  • Press F12 to close Dashboard.
  • Navigate to user/Library/Preferences/in the finder.
  • Delete the file called widget-com.widgetname.widget.plist (where widgetname is the widget’s name).
  • Open the widget again.

It should now be restored. Please be careful and make sure you delete the correct preference file!

Speeding up Dashboard by clearing the cache

Removing the items in ~/Library/Caches/DashboardClient/ can speed up Dashboard’s loading time. Please be careful when poking around the Library if you don’t know what you’re doing!

Looking inside widgets

This isn’t supposed to be a developer document, but it can sometimes be handy knowing how to see the inner workings of a widget. To do so, simply control-click or right click the widget’s icon in the finder, then select “Show Package Contents”. This will open up the widget’s package in a new window (packages are just special folders).

Restyling all your widgets

A CSS file that styles the entire Dashboard can be found here inside the Dock application (/System/Library/CoreServices/Dock.app). Just edit Contents/Resources/DashboardClient.app/Contents/Resources/widget.css. It might be worth backing the file up first though!

Changing the Dashboard tray’s background.

Similarly, you can alter the look of the Dashboard tray’s background by editing /System/Library/CoreServices/Dock.app/Contents/Resources/perf.png inside the Dock appliction.

Enjoy!